Allowable Soil Bearing
Maximum allowable service bearing pressure on the soil.

As
Area of tension reinforcement.

b
Effective width of rectangular member.

Block Wt
Weight of the masonry block.

CL
Centerline of an element.

Coefficient of Friction
Coefficient of friction between the soil and the bottom of the footing used to resist sliding.

Concrete Weight
Density of concrete.

d
Distance from the compression face of the element to the centerline of the tension reinforcement.

D
Dead load.

db
Diameter of rebar.

E
Seismic load.

Em
Modulus of elasticity of masonry.

Es
Modulus of elasticity of reinforcing steel.

f’c
Compressive strength of concrete.

f’m
Compressive strength of masonry.

fa
Actual masonry axial stress.

Fa
Allowable masonry axial stress.

fb
Actual masonry bending stress.

Fb
Allowable masonry bending stress.

fs
Actual tensile stress in masonry rebar.

Fs
Allowable tensile stress of masonry rebar.

fv
Actual masonry shear stress.

Fv
Allowable masonry shear stress.

fy
Minimum yield strength of the concrete reinforcing steel.

h
Actual height of a stem.

h’
Effective height of a stem.

H
Soil load.

L
Live load.

M
Actual service moment.

Mu
Actual factored moment.

P
Actual service axial load.

r
Radius of gyration of a stem.

S
Snow load.

TOF
Top of footing.

TOW
Top of wall.

V
Actual service shear.

vc
Maximum concrete ultimate factored shear stress.

vu
Actual concrete factored shear stress.

Vu
Actual concrete factored shear.

W
Wind load.

α
Wall slope.

β
Soil slope behind stem.

β1
Factor relating depth of equivalent rectangular compressive stress block to neutral axis depth.

δ
Soil-stem friction angle.

γ
Soil density.

Φ
Soil angle of internal friction.

Φ
Concrete stress reduction factor.

ρ
Ratio of As to bd.

σ
Active or passive soil pressure.